There are basically some thing to be known about wine before using it...

* Wine is actually expanded as windows emulator.
* to run more recent programs you shoul have the recent wine installed in your system. Go to wine head quarters to download the latest wine.
* Wine is an emulator! That means it runs a basic windows platform in the linux platform to run windows based applications..So for running a windows program it is run in wine which emulates a windows base for the program and converts the running process into linux ..So it requires ram for running linux base, Emulator and the application. So it need more ram.
* Some of the applications does not work with wine because they deal with registry..As u know linux os does not require a registry as it is a free source operating system..and the applications we use also come in that catagory..
* From my experience I tell that cracked games or patched games and applications work with wine..The reason I have told above



some software does not work with wine,high graphics does not work with wine,Games not working with wine, How can DAP be used with wine in linux,Get the latest wine

Most of you might have come across this problem... Ubuntu ultimate 2.1 freezes at 82%....The solution for this is very simple
....
JUST REMOVE YOUR ETHERNET CABLE FROM THE JACK AND WAIT FOR SOME TIME....

....

It will clear itself....lol.......


Istallaton hangs at 82%,Ubuntu ultimate installation problem,ubuntu ultimate ethernet card

There are mainly 2 ways to get counter strike working with your pc....

$mkdir hlds
$cd hlds
$wget http://www.cstrike-planet.com/dls/hldsupdatetool.bin
$chmod +x hldsupdatetool.bin
$./hldsupdatetool.bin
$ln -s /bin/gunzip /bin/uncompress
$wget http://www.cstrike-planet.com/dls/steam
$chmod +x steam
$./steam -command update -game cstrike -dir .







Installing counter strike in ubuntu ultimate 2.1, installing counter strike in ubuntu,installing counter strike in linux,Play counter strike with wine, install counter strike with steam

Hi...
Here i am going to discuss the best way to install ubnutu in your PC without affecting your windows partition......

Let's Discuss about ubuntu ultimate edition 2.1

1. Change your boot options to 'boot from cd/dvd as primary.
2. Insert the ubuntu ultimate 2.1 Disk to drive and reboot...
3. Choose install and you will get the gnome screen for installation.
4. Click on install.
5 .Now der are 7 steps for ubuntu installation in ubuntu ultimate 2.1 edition installation...
7 .Now complete those steps to complete installation....


FOR XP and VISTA users:

To get the maximum efficiency of ubuntu ultimate edition you have to install ubuntu in a seperate drive....If you choose install inside windows, there will be much problems..mainly disk space issues.....


MANY FEAR THAT THEY WILL NOT BE ABLE TO ACCESS THEIR WINDOWS OS IF YOU INSTALL UBUNTU IN A SEPARATE PARTITION

First calculate the disk space that you need to allot for ubuntu installation..A minimum of 20 GB will do.........If you don't have a drive of say 20GB space then make it in windows using some softwares like magic partition..U can do the same using ubuntu setup manager but as You have already installed windows that will be the best option...

Now in the ubuntu installation in the partition editor give this drive for installation...
change filesystem to ext3 and mark format...
DO NOT FORGET TO SELECT THE ROOT'/' IN THE INSTALLATION DRIVE....
Now proceed and you will have ubuntu ultimate 2.1 installed in your system...
When you restart you will get the grub boot loader will will help you to switch os.

Why are all the new keyboards sold with Win95 keys on them? How about making them do real keyboard
functions while in X Window? Here is how.
First you need to find out which key mapping you are using. Usually it will be US, it might also be en_US, ca
or else. Locate the file, usually in /usr/X11/lib/X11/xkb and edit it with your favorite editor. For me the file is
called /usr/X11/lib/X11/xkb/symbols/ca.
The file lists all the key codes and what they do. The key codes for the Win95 special keys are LWIN, RWIN
and MENU. All you need to do is add them to the list, with the functions for them. I decided to map the left
WIN key to "@" and the right WIN key and MENU keys to "{" and "}". Here are the lines I added:
key { [ braceleft ] };
key { [ at ] };
key
{ [ braceright ] };
By browsing the file you can find all the other symbols and what they do. You can also add multiple
functions to a key, by using ALT and SHIFT.
The changes will take effect when you restart X Window. With the XKB extension (you do need to have it
enabled in /etc/XF86Config btw) it's easy to change the mapping of any key.

Unfortunately, most printers are non-PostScript compatible. This means that your LPR program won't like it.
You will probably notice that when you first use 'lpr' to print, the output looks weird on your printer. This is
because these models do not support PostScript. You will need a converting program for it.
Note that newer versions of RedHat already have those programs or similar filters so it may not apply to all
Linux systems.
First, you need to go read the Printing HOWTO to find out how to use lpr and related printing programs.
Then, you'll need to get 2 programs from http://metalab.unc.edu:
bjf
aps
These are the filters to convert text and PostScript to your printer's format.
First, install bjf which will be used to print text. Installation is very simple. type:
make
cp bjf /bin/bjf
Then, make a simple shell script to print text files and call it print.sh:
#!/bin/sh
/bin/bjf <$1> /dev/lp0
Where /dev/lp0 is your printer.
Now, install aps by running the SETUP script in its package. It's really easy to setup, but you do need to have
the GhostScript program installed prior to installation. You are now ready to print PostScript files from, for
example, Netscape or XV.

A sound card can be easy or hard to detect. It depends on who made it. Many Sound Blaster Compatible
cards in fact are not compatible with the Linux Sound Blaster driver. Other cards will be compatible with a
driver you would never have thought of.
There are multiple drivers for Linux. Currently the kernel comes with its own set of sound drivers, plus the
OSS/Free drivers. These will support most generic cards. In the installation program, or when compiling your
kernel, you can pick the sound card that matches yours, or the one that matches the chipset on your sound
card (for example, the Sound Blaster PCI64 card uses the AudioPCI chipset).
If your sound card is not supported by the kernel, you will need to get another driver. 2 popular ones are
ALSA available from http://alsa.jcu.cz and OSS/Linux available from http://www.opensound.com
OSS/Linux is a commercial product that supports a lot of cards not available in other drivers because of card
specification restrictions. You will need to see the list of supported cards in each driver and pick the driver
you need.

To configure an ethernet card in Linux, you need to enable it in the kernel. Then the kernel will detect your ethernet card if it is at a common IO port. But it will stop there, and will never check if you have 2 ethernet cards.
The trick is to tell the ethernet driver that there are 2 cards in the system. The following line will tell the kernel that there is an ethernet card at IRQ 10 and IO 0x300, and another one at IRQ 9 and IO 0x340:
ether=10,0x300,eth0 ether=9,0x340,eth1
You can add that line on bootup at the "boot:" prompt, or in the /etc/lilo.conf file. Don't forget to run:
lilo
That will reload the lilo.conf file and enable changes.

configure 2 ethernet cards in linux, kernal errors , linux tweaks

When you first install Linux, it comes with a lot of Internet services running, including mail, telnet, finger and FTP. You really should disable all those that you don't need from /etc/inetd.conf and your startup scripts.
FTP may be very useful, but must be configured correctly. It can allow people to log into their accounts, it can allow anonymous users to login to a public software directory, and it can display nice messages to them.
The files that you will probably want to modify are /etc/ftpusers and /etc/ftpaccess.
The file /etc/ftpusers is very simple. It lists the people that will not be allowed to use FTP to your system. The root account, and other system accounts should be in that file.
The file /etc/ftpaccess is a bit more complex and controls the behaviour of the FTP server. It tells it what to use as README file to display on a directory listing, what kind of logs to create and what messages to display.
Note that if you create an anonymous FTP area, you will need to read the FTP man page and do exactly what it tells you to avoid possible security risks.

FTP Restrictions for linux, create anonymous FTP area using linux, get inside mailing servises

With other operating systems, such as Microsoft Windows or IBM OS/2, you are not allowed in the license to make your own CD-ROM with the OS on it and then distribute it.
Linux, being Open Source and free, can be copied. You can download a distribution or buy it from an online store and burn your own copy, and then install it on many computers, or give it to your friends. Usually, you will find instructions on how to do that on the FTP server for your favorite distribution. You will need the main directory on the CD-ROM. The sources are not needed since they are available from the FTP site.
Some distributions also come with ISO images of their CD-ROM. This is a single file that can be put onto a CD-ROM, and will create a full file system with files on it.
One thing you have to be careful is not to copy commercial programs. The basic CD-ROM where the Linux distribution is located is composed of free software. But some distributions may come with other commercial programs, and you should read the license first.

When a computer starts, the number of beeps the BIOS outputs tells you the state of the computer. On somecomputers, one beep means all is ok, but 2 beeps mean there is an error. LILO uses the same kind of codes.
The number of letters you see from the word LILO on the screen says what is wrong. The whole word means everything is fine, only LI means only the first part of LILO could be loaded. A full description of this is available from the Bootdisk HOWTO.
When LILO can't load, it's a major problem. This often means that the boot code was corrupted. The only way to boot is from a floppy disk. In RedHat, you can use the rescue disk, in Slackware, you can use the boot disk with the "mount" image.
When LILO is fine, it's often easier to figure a boot problem. If the kernel panics when it tries to boot, it is usualy due to a configuration error. You can tell LILO to mount another kernel you may have, like a "safe" or "old" image you kept for these cases. If the problem is in initialization scripts, you can tell LILO to boot
directly into a shell with the following boot command line:
LILO boot: linux init=/bin/sh
Where "linux" would be your kernel image.

When you format a partition using Linux's primary file system, ext2, you have the choice of how many bytes
per inode you want. From the man page:
-i bytes-per-inode
Specify the bytes/inode ratio. mke2fs creates an
inode for every bytes-per-inode bytes of space on
the disk. This value defaults to 4096 bytes.
bytes-per-inode must be at least 1024.
This means that by using a smaller size, you will save disk space but may slow down the system. It is a
space/speed trade off.
This is similar to one of FAT16/FAT32' major differences.

There are newsgroups about everything. Newsgroups on the latest TV show, on gardening, and more. There also are newsgroups on Linux. In fact, the best help can be obtained from newsgroups. But which ones?
Here is a list of a few newsgroups dedicated to Linux, and what they are used for:
comp.os.linux.advocacy: This newsgroup is used for advocacy. People stating their opinions
about Linux or Linux applications, and about Linux competitors. Some post facts, some will
flame other people.
comp.os.linux.setup: This is a general purpose setup help group. Users will post questions and get answers there.
linux.*: There now is a linux section on usenet. Currently there are more than 150 groups in linux.* and they are all about Linux!
Make sure you read the FAQ and rules of every newsgroup you want to post to.

usenet for linux, tv shows related to linux,

When a Linux system boots, it loads the kernel, all its drivers, and the networking servers, then the systemwill display a text login prompt. There, users can enter their user names and their passwords. But it doesn'thave to boot this way.There are 3 modes defined in most Linux distributions that can be used for booting. They are defined in/etc/inittab and have specific numbers. The first mode, also called runlevel 1, is single user mode. That modewill only boot the system for 1 user, with no networking. Runlevel 3 is the default mode. It will load the
networking servers and display a text login prompt. Runlevel 5 is the graphical mode. If you have X Windowinstalled and configured, you can use it to display a graphical login prompt.
The way to change this is to edit /etc/inittab and change the initdefault line:
id:3:initdefault:Changing a 3 to a 5 will make the system display a xdm graphical screen on bootup.

Linux boot up screen, Different runlevels,graphical login prompt

When you create a file, the system gives it default permissions. On most systems the permissions are 755
(read, write and execute for the owner, and read and execute for others).
This default is setup with the umask command. To use the command, you need to find the right octal number
to give it. The permissions in the umask are turned off from 666. This means that a umask of 022 will give
you the default of 755. To change your default permissions from 755 to 700, you would use this command:


Change default permissions, unmask

When you compile a new kernel, you will often change your configuration. This means you may forget to include an important driver, like the IDE driver, or otherwise make your system unbootable. The solution is to always keep your old kernel.
When you compile your kernel, the compilation procedure will often copy your old kernel into vmlinuz.old.
If it does not, you can do it manually. What you should do is add an entry to /etc/lilo.conf allowing you toboot your old kernel. You should view the lilo man page for the complete syntax. You could also add entries for different kernels, for example if you want to have an older stable version of the kernel and the newest development version on your system.
Note that some distributions name their kernel with the version they represent. For example, your currentkernel may be /boot/vmlinuz-2.0.36-0.7

Multiple kernel debugging, compiling kernel

Most Linux distributions are configured to use a US english keyboard. If you need to write on a french or any other kind of keyboard, you will want to change the locale so special keys like accents appear in the console.
The way to do this is to change the system locale with a program called loadkeys. For example, to enable a canadian-french locale, you need to add this line in your startup files:
loadkeys cf
Here cf means the canadian-french keyboard. Other locales are us, fr and more.

Keyboard setup in linux, canadian french keyboard setup in linux.

http://metalab.unc.edu, ftp://ftp.cdrom.com and more are sites with a lot of programs available freely for
Linux. But you may not want to download gigabytes of data over a slow Internet link.
Several places offer a bunch of free programs on CD-ROM. http://www.cheapbytes.com and
http://www.linuxmall.com are 2 places that can sell multiple CD-ROMs with all those programs for a very
low price:

download linux software free from internet, download linux cd free from internet

When recompiling your kernel, you might end up seeing strange messages on bootup like:
modprobe: cannot find net-pf-5
modprobe: cannot find char-major-14
These are messages from the modules loader telling you that he can't find specific modules. This usualy happens when you compile modules, but modprobe tries to load modules that were not compiled and it can't find them. The way to remove those messages is to set the modules to off. In the file /etc/conf.modules you
may want to add:
alias net-pf-5 off
alias char-major-14 off
This will stop modprobe from trying to load them. Of course you could also try to resove the problem by compiling the modules and make sure modprobe knows where they are.



Linux kernal errors, modprobe loading, compiling the kernal

Some people choose to have both Windows NT and Linux on the same system. Windows NT has its own boot loader called NTLDR and Linux has LILO. Which should go on the MBR?
The safest way is to install Windows NT first, and give it the MBR. Then, when you install Linux, tell LILO to install on the Linux partition. Also set the Linux partition as the active partition. When the system boots, LILO will be loaded, and if you want to boot Windows NT, then LILO can load the MBR with NTLDR in it.
There is a mini HOWTO text covering this subject available at
http://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO.


windows nt and linux multiple boot, fight between LILO and NTLDR, Master boot record programs

When a user starts a command, it runs with the permissions of that user. What if you want to allow them to run some commands with root permissions? You can, and that's called suid.
You can set a command to be suid root with the chmod command. This will make it run as root even if a user starts it. Here is how to set mybin suid root:
chmod +s mybin
Note that you must be very careful with this option. If the command has any security hole, or allows the user to access other files or programs, the user could take over the root account and the whole system.


Other users access programs, security hole in linux

By default, Linux will not allow users to mount drives. Only root can do it, and making the mount binary suid root is not a good idea. With a special command in the /etc/fstab file, you can change that.
This is a typical line for the fd0 (A:) drive in /etc/fstab:
/dev/fd0 /mnt auto noauto,user 1 1
The keywords here are noauto and user. Noauto tells mount not the try to mount a diskette on boot, and user
allows any user to mount the drive into /mnt. The auto keyword is also interesting. It tells mount to try to find
out which file system is on the diskette. You could also use msdos or ext2.

allowing other users to mount drives, linux tweaks

Each Linux distribution has its own X Window configuration program. XFree86 also has a text-basedconfiguration program which is complex to use. But what if both the distribution program and xf86config, the text-based configuration for XFree86, do not seem to do what you need? XFree86 also comes with a graphical configuration tool.
The name of the graphical program is XF86Setup. This will launch a graphical window and allow you to configure the X Window Server. So if you don't like the console configuration programs, you can use this one:

x window configuration programme, linux graphical configuration tool, linux tweaks

On some big hard drives, LILO can have problems loading your kernel. The problem is because the hard drive has more then 1024 cylinders.
The trick is to make sure your kernel is in the first 1024 cylinders so LILO can find it. The way to do this is to make a small /boot partition at the begining of the drive, and make sure the kernel is in the /boot directory.
You can set the partitions in fdisk, and select the right path for the kernel in /etc/lilo.conf so LILO knows where it is. When you compile your kernel, simply move the new kernel in that directory so LILO can load it.

Problems loadin the kernal, harddrive cylinders, partition using fdisk

What is the master boot record (MBR) and why does LILO erase the old boot loader? Every hard drive has a top space called the MBR where the BIOS will try to load an operating system. Every system has its own loader. DOS has DOS-MBR, Windows NT has the NTLDR and Linux has LILO.
When you install LILO, you can install it in the MBR or in a boot record for the Linux partition. If you want to keep your current boot loader, you can select the Linux partition, and make sure it is the active partition in fdisk. This way you will be able to boot to LILO, and then boot the old loader from the MBR.
If you plan on only using Linux on your system, you can tell LILO to boot right into Linux and not display a"boot:" prompt, and you can install it in the MBR.

Master boot record,boot prompt, install LILO ,MBR, active partition fdisk

The Linux kernel will detect various settings from your computer configuration. This includes the size of memory you have. In some cases, it will find the wrong size. For example, it could find only 64 megs of memory when in fact you have 128 megs.
The trick here is to specify the amount of RAM memory you have with the "mem=" parameter. Here is what you would type when your system boots if you have 128 megs of memory:
LILO boot: linux mem=128M This will tell LILO to load the linux kernel with 128 megs of memory.


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The Linux system uses a program called LILO to boot itself. This is the LInux LOader, and will load a kernel and can pass various parameters. This is what the "boot:" prompt is for.
At the "boot:" prompt, you can enter a lot of parameters. You can send parameters to drivers like the ethernet driver, telling it at which IRQ the ethernet card is located, or you can pass parameters to the kernel, like memory size or what to do in a panic. Reading the LILO manual will tell you all of the nice things LILO can be used for.
Note that for device drivers compiled as modules, you need to pass values when you load these drivers, and not on the "boot:" prompt.



linux boot program, linux, boot, linux boot loader, how to edit linux boot file, LILO manual, install ethernet driver for linux

To configure Linux to detect a new hardware part, especially on a new kernel, you may need to recompile the kernel. If you add too many devices in the kernel configuration, you may get an error message telling you that the kernel is too big. The trick is to enable modules.
The kernel itself must be a certain size because it needs to be loaded in a fixed memory size. This is one reason why modules can be very handy. If you enable modules, you will need to make them:
make modules and install them:
make modules_install
Then using the modprobe utility you can load selected modules on bootup. This way the kernel will be smaller and will compile with no error.

Configure linux for user, make linux to detect a hardware automatically, New kernel, kernel errors.

You installed a new Linux system, but forgot to set enough swap space for your needs. Do you need to repartition and reinstall? No, the swap utilities on Linux allow you to make a real file and use it as swap space.
The trick is to make a file and then tell the swapon program to use it. Here's how to create, for example, a 64 megs swap file on your root partition (of course make sure you have at least 64 megs free):
dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1024 count=65536
This will make a 64 megs (about 67 millions bytes) file on your hard drive. You now need to initialize it: mkswap /swapfile 65536 sync
And you can then add it to your swap pool: swapon /swapfile
With that you have 64 megs of swap added. Don't forget to add the swapon command to your startup files sothe command will be repeated at each reboot.

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One important setting in any protected mode operating system like Linux is the swap space. In the installation, you will need to create a swap partition. A common question is what size should the partition be? The proper size depends on 2 things: The size of your hard drive and the size of your RAM memory. The less RAM you have, the more swap you will need. Usually you will want to set your swap space size to be twice the RAM size, with a maximum of 128 megs. This of course requires you to have a hard drive with enough
free space to create such a partition. If you have 16 megs of RAM, making the swap space 32 megs or even 64 megs is very important. You will need it. If you have 128 megs of RAM on the other hand, you won't need much swap because the system will already have 128 megs to fill before using swap space. So a swap partition of 128 megs or even 32 megs
could be enough. If you don't select enough swap, you may add more later.

swap memory, how to swap memory in linux,

Most Linux distributions come on a CD-ROM. You can also download them from an FTP site, but that requires an Internet connection. What if you have a system with no CD-ROM drive or Internet connection, like an old 486 laptop? The trick here is to have another desktop system with a CD-ROM drive, and a null-modem serial cable.
I will show you how to do it with Slackware. It is also possible with most other Linux distributions. Insert the Linux CD-ROM in the drive on the desktop and copy the A (base) and N (networking) packages on diskettes. You need at least those in order to use a serial cable to transfer the rest of the packages. Now you need to enable NFS networking on the desktop, and allow the laptop to connect. You can give a temporary IP address to the laptop, like 192.168.1.11 that you need to add to your /etc/exports file on your desktop.
To link the two systems together, this is what you need to type on the laptop:
/usr/sbin/pppd -detach crtscts lock 192.168.1.11:192.168.1.10 /dev/ttyS1 115200
And this on the PC:
/usr/sbin/pppd -detach crtscts lock 192.168.1.10:192.168.1.11 /dev/ttyS1 115200
This is assuming the cable is linked to ttyS1 (COM2) on both systems.
With NFS, you can mount the CD-ROM drive remotely and tell the installation program to use a specific
path to install the remaining packages. Mount the CD-ROM with a command like this:
mount -tnfs 192.168.1.10:/cdrom /mnt
Then run the installation program:
setup
and enter the new path for the packages files.


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A computer only needs one operating system to work. But what if you just want to try out a new system? Do you need to forget about the old one and erase your hard drive? No, you can have as many operating systems on your computer as you wish.
Linux requires 2 partitions to work. Partitions are sections of the hard drive. When you install Linux, it will provide a program called fdisk or disk druid allowing you to create the needed partitions. The main problems people have is that they don't have empty partitions to use for Linux, and they don't want to erase the current Windows or DOS partition. The trick is to resize your current partition to create empty space. Then you will be able to make the partitions needed by Linux to install properly. Fdisk doesn't allow you to resize a partition. You will need to use another program to do the job, before using fdisk to create the Linux partitions. A very popular commercial product to do this is Partition Magic from
http://www.powerquest.com.
Let's see step by step what is needed to resize an existing partition to allow the creation of a new one for
Linux:
Buy Partition Magic, or get any other tool that can safely resize partitions.
Make sure you have at least 150 megs free on your main partition, the required amount for
Linux.
Resize the partitions so you have at least 150 megs free, outside of any current partition.
Reboot and launch the Linux installation.
Run fdisk or any partitioning program that comes with the Linux distribution, and follow the installation instructions to make the required Linux partitions.

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The Linux market started from a few distributions available only from FTP servers, to full feature commercial distributions available in stores and online including a printed manual and phone support.
Here are the main choices you have when looking for a Linux distribution:
You can download any Linux distribution from its FTP server. To take a few examples,
RedHat can be downloaded from ftp://ftp.redhat.com, Slackware from ftp://ftp.cdrom.com and Debian from ftp://ftp.debian.org. That method is free, but requires you to have a fast Internet connection. Downloading a full Linux distribution over a 56Kbps modem will take you quite a few hours.
An other way is to buy a full distribution. RedHat, for example, can be bought online for about $50. This will include a box, a CD-ROM, a boot diskette, a manual and support from RedHat.
The last way is to buy only the CD-ROM. There are a few places selling CD-ROMs of various distributions for $2. One of them is http://www.cheapbytes.com. You will only get theCD-ROM, but this is all you need to install Linux if you are comfortable with the fact that you don't get a printed manual or free support. You can find the manual and other documentation on the CD-ROM.

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They are all good. But that's not a real tip. What you should be looking for is which distribution you feel themost comfortable with. RedHat has the reputation of being very easy to install. They provide special tools tomake the configuration easier. Debian also has some tools, but will usually require you to go on the commandline more often to configure the system. If you want to be on your own, and really learn how to edit configuration files then Slackware is for you. The Web site http://www.linux.org lists all the availabledistributions.
In the end, the best person to decide which distribution you like, is yourself.

linux version, linux updates, linex redhat,slackware,Debian